Abstract Wikipedia/Examples/Jupiter

This is an example text. We are using the lead section of the article Jupiter on Simple English Wikipedia (but removing the references and the links for simplicity). Note that this is a draft of a possible way that could work - this is not intended to prescribe how the abstract representation will look like.

This is super handwavy. And full of assumptions. We expect that the actual catalog of constructors will grow organically and resolve many of the issues that are exposed below. And that will take time. We won't be able to make complex sentences such as #Sentence 2.2 below right out of the box, but something like #Sentence 4.1 should be possible rather quickly. This system will grow. It might grow very differently here.

One main question is where the cut between grammar and semantics will be. Below I mix those freely: we have constructors like Relational noun, which are very much grammatical in nature, next to very semantic constructors like "Definition". This again is something that I expect the community to grow and figure out over a longer period of time.

A few examples that give an idea how the library of abstract constructors could look like can be found in the following projects:

• Grammatical Framework RGL
• AMR
• FrameNet
• VerbAtlas

Original text

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System. It is the fifth planet from the Sun. Jupiter is a gas giant, both because it is so large and made up of gas. The other gas giants are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

Jupiter has a mass of 1.8986×10²⁷ kg (318 earths). This is more than twice the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System put together.

Jupiter can be seen even without using a telescope. The ancient Romans named the planet after their god Jupiter (Latin: Iuppiter). Jupiter is the third brightest object in the night sky. Only the Earth's moon and Venus are brighter.

Jupiter has 79 moons. Of these, around 50 are very small and less than five kilometres wide. The four largest moons of Jupiter are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They are called the Galilean moons, because Galileo Galilei discovered them. Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System. It is larger in diameter than Mercury. In 2018 another ten very small moons were discovered.

Abstract representation

How to read this: bold are constructors with keys (or arguments), italics are their respective keys, always one level deeper. In standard script are "keyless constructors".

Paragraph 1

Sentence 1.1

Jupiter is the largest planet in the Solar System.

• Superlative
  • subject: Jupiter
  • quality: large
  • class: planet
  • location constraint: Solar System

Sentence 1.2

It is the fifth planet from the Sun.

• Definition
  • subject: Jupiter
  • definition: Rank
    • rank: 5
    • object: planet
    • by: Relational noun
      • noun: distance
      • to: Sun

Sentence 1.3

Jupiter is a gas giant, both because it is so large and made up of gas.

• Description
  • subject: Jupiter
  • description: gas giant
  • reason: And
    • Description
      • subject: Jupiter
      • description: large
    • Composition
      • subject: Jupiter
      • composita: gas

Sentence 1.4

The other gas giants are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

• Definition
  • subject: List (Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
  • definition: Noun with determiner
    • determiner: other
    • noun: gas giant

Paragraph 2

Sentence 2.1

Jupiter has a mass of 1.8986×10²⁷ kg (318 earths).

• Measurement
  • subject: Jupiter
  • dimension: mass
  • value: Quantity with alternative
    • number: 1.8986×10²⁷
    • unit: kg
    • alternative: Quantity
      • number 318
      • unit: Earth

Sentence 2.2

This is more than twice the mass of all the other planets in the Solar System put together.

• Comparison
  • comparator: more
  • subject: Relational noun
    • noun: mass
    • of: Jupiter
  • object: Multiplier
    • factor: 2
    • object: Relational noun
      • noun: mass
      • of: Relational noun
        • noun: sum
        • of: Noun with determiner
          • determiner: other
          • number: plural
          • noun: Located noun
            • noun: planet
            • location: Solar System

Paragraph 3

Sentence 3.1

Jupiter can be seen even without using a telescope. (alternative version: Jupiter can be visualized with the naked eye)

• Concession?

• Observation
  • subject: Jupiter
  • method: naked eye

Sentence 3.2

The ancient Romans named the planet after their god Jupiter (Latin: Iuppiter).

• Naming
  • subject: planet [previously mentioned]
  • after who: Jupiter [the god]
  • by: Ancient Romans

Sentence 3.3

Jupiter is the third brightest object in the night sky.

• Definition
  • subject: Jupiter
  • definition: Rank
    • rank: Three
    • by: brightness
    • ?: object
    • location: night sky

Sentence 3.4

Only the Earth's moon and Venus are brighter. Probably easier to rephrase this and the previous sentence as something like: Jupiter is the third brightest object in the night sky, after the Earth's moon and Venus.

• Definition
  • subject: Jupiter
  • definition: Rank
    • rank: Three
    • by: brightness
    • ?: object
    • location: night sky
    • after: [ Earth's Moon, Venus ]

Paragraph 4

Sentence 4.1

Jupiter has 79 moons.

• Has part
  • whole: Jupiter
  • part: Noun phrase
    • determiner: 79
    • noun: moon

Sentence 4.2

Of these, around 50 are very small and less than five kilometres wide.

Sentence 4.3

The four largest moons of Jupiter are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.

• Definition
  • subject: List (Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto)
  • definition: Superlative
    • determiner: 4
    • subject: moon
    • quality: large
    • location constraint: Jupiter

Sentence 4.4

They are called the Galilean moons, because Galileo Galilei discovered them.

• Naming
  • subject: moons [previously mentioned; "they"]
  • name: Galilean moons
  • reason: Discovery:
    • subject: moons [prev. ment.; "them"]
    • by: Galileo Galilei

Sentence 4.5

Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System.

• Superlative
  • subject: Ganymede
  • quality: large
  • class: moon
  • location constraint: Solar System

Sentence 4.6

It is larger in diameter than Mercury.

• Comparison
  • subject: Ganymede [the moon]
  • comparator?: larger
  • quality?: diameter
  • object: Mercury [the planet]

Sentence 4.7

In 2018 another ten very small moons were discovered.

• Discovery
  • subject: Noun phrase
    • determiner: 10
    • noun: moon
    • quality: small
  • when: 2018