Điều khoản sử dụng/Sửa đổi đóng góp có trả phí

Sửa đổi TOU : Trả đóng góp tiết lộ

Giới thiệu

Phòng Pháp chế Quỹ Wikimedia có kế hoạch yêu cầu Hội đồng Quản trị Quỹ Wikimedia xem xét một đề nghị sửa đổi trong điều khoản sử dụng để giải quyết chỉnh sửa thanh toán thêm không được tiết lộ . Góp phần các dự án Wikimedia để phục vụ lợi ích của một khách hàng trả tiền trong khi che giấu các liên kết trả tiền đã dẫn đến tình huống mà cộng đồng xem xét vấn đề. Nhiều người tin rằng người dùng với một xung đột lợi ích nên tham gia vào hợp tác minh bạch, yêu cầu phổ trung thực các khoản đóng góp được thanh toán. Đóng góp cho các dự án Wikimedia mà không tiết lộ chi trả hoặc lao động có thể dẫn đến hậu quả pháp lý. Điều khoản sử dụng của chúng tôi đã cấm tham gia vào các hoạt động lừa đảo, bao gồm cả trình bày sai lạc của cơ quan, mạo danh, và gian lận. Để đảm bảo tuân thủ các quy định, sửa đổi này cung cấp cho yêu cầu công bố tối thiểu cụ thể cho những đóng góp thanh toán vào các dự án Wikimedia.

Theo yêu cầu của Phần 16 trong số Terms sử dụng, chúng tôi đang nhận bình luận cộng đồng trong 30 ngày trên này sửa đổi đã đề nghị trước khi gửi phiên bản cuối cùng đến Board của Trustees để rà soát. Các bản dịch tiếng Đức, Pháp, Tây Ban Nha, Ý, và Nhật Bản cũng có sẵn. Cộng đồng được khuyến khích dịch bản sửa đổi được đề xuất và thảo luận về nó bằng các ngôn ngữ khác.

Sửa đổi đề nghị

Phần phụ 'A bổ sung cho đến cuối Phần 4 trong số điều khoản Sử dụng, ấy là "Refraining từ Hoạt động Nhất định".

Trả đóng góp không có tiết lộ

Các Điều khoản Sử dụng này nghiêm cấm tham gia vào các hoạt động lừa đảo, bao gồm xuyên tạc về liên kết, mạo danh và gian lận. Để đảm bảo tuân thủ các nghĩa vụ này, bạn phải tiết lộ chủ lao động, khách hàng và tổ chức liên kết của mình đối với bất kỳ khoản đóng góp nào cho bất kỳ Dự án Wikimedia nào mà bạn nhận được hoặc dự kiến nhận được tiền thù lao. Bạn phải tiết lộ điều đó theo ít nhất một trong các cách sau:

• a statement on your user page,
• một tuyên bố trên trang thảo luận đi kèm với bất kỳ đóng góp được trả tiền nào, hoặc
• một tuyên bố ở bản tóm tắt sửa đổi kèm theo bất kỳ khoản đóng góp được trả tiền nào.

Luật áp dụng, hay các chính sách và nguyên tắc của cộng đồng và Tổ chức, chẳng hạn như những chính sách giải quyết xung đột lợi ích, có thể hạn chế hơn nữa các khoản đóng góp được thanh toán hoặc yêu cầu tiết lộ chi tiết hơn. Để biết thêm thông tin, vui lòng đọc ghi chú cơ bản của chúng tôi về việc tiết lộ các khoản đóng góp được thanh toán.

Thay đổi tùy chọn

Đáp lại nhận xét của cộng đồng trong quá trình tham vấn đang diễn ra, nhóm LCA của WMF đề xuất ba thay đổi tiềm năng đối với đề xuất. Những thay đổi này sẽ sửa đổi câu thứ hai của đoạn đầu tiên của sửa đổi, như được mô tả bên dưới. Các tùy chọn này không loại trừ lẫn nhau – cả hai tùy chọn này đều có thể được Hội đồng thông qua hoặc không thông qua tùy chọn nào, tùy thuộc vào ý kiến đóng góp của bạn (và tùy thuộc vào việc họ có chấp nhận sửa đổi nói chung hay không).

These potential changes aim to address concerns that have been raised regarding reaction against editors who are allegedly in violation of these requirements, and concern about protecting good-faith contributors (e.g., professors, students, or Wikipedians in Residence) from unintentionally violating the disclosure requirement. We think that either or both of the three options could better focus the amendment on paid advocacy editing, which is a chief concern. However, we also realize they could raise other considerations. Your feedback on these options will help the Board as it considers what language to adopt.

This consultation has been informative, positive, and constructive. We appreciate this, and look forward to your comments on these options.

Mô tả những thay đổi

Current sentence	Lựa chọn 1	Lựa chọn 2	Lựa chọn 3
Để đảm bảo tuân thủ các nghĩa vụ này, bạn phải tiết lộ chủ lao động, khách hàng và tổ chức liên kết của mình đối với bất kỳ khoản đóng góp nào cho bất kỳ dự án Wikimedia nào mà bạn nhận được thù lao.	Là một phần của các nghĩa vụ này, nếu bạn nhận được khoản bồi thường tài chính cho bất kỳ khoản đóng góp nào về một tổ chức, người đang sống hoặc sản phẩm thương mại, bạn phải tiết lộ chủ lao động và khách hàng đã trả tiền cho bạn.	Là một phần của các nghĩa vụ này, nếu bạn nhận được thù lao tài chính cho bất kỳ khoản đóng góp nào, bạn phải tiết lộ rằng bạn đã được đền bù.	[Thêm đoạn sau] ... A Wikimedia Project community may adopt an alternative paid contribution disclosure policy. If a Project adopts an alternative disclosure policy, you may comply with that policy instead of the requirements in this section when contributing to that Project. An alternative paid contribution policy will only supersede these requirements if it is approved by the relevant Project community and listed in the alternative disclosure policy page [index to be created]

Option No. 1: Adds “about an organization, living person, or commercial product” to describe the contributions.

This option narrows what kinds of contributions these requirements would apply to. This focuses on topics that are potential subjects of advertisement and promotion, and excludes other topics of general interest. The intent is to try to exclude potential application to professors, teachers, and Wikipedians in Residence, and other individuals editing on topics of less commercial interest.

Please discuss this option on the talk page.

Option No. 2: Narrows down the extent of the disclosure, changing it from “your employer, client, and affiliation” to just “that you were compensated.”

This option focuses on simply the fact that compensation was involved, rather than specific information about the editor’s identity. The intent is to allow editors to identify and review paid edits without requiring editors to disclose specific information about their identity. Individual projects may supplement this rule, and create guidelines for additional disclosures, depending on the circumstances.

Please discuss this option on the talk page.

Option No. 3: Allowing projects to write an alternative disclosure policy

This option focuses on providing local projects with an opportunity to create an alternative disclosure policy for paid contributions, to supersede the default disclosure policy provided in this section of the Terms of Use. The intent is to allow projects to prepare variations on how they expect disclosure, depending on the project and community’s needs, similar to how fair use is handled under the licensing policy. Projects may also supplement this rule and create guidelines for disclosure.

Please discuss this option on the talk page.

Common changes in both options

In addition to the options above, we plan to make three other small changes:

• Change the words “To ensure compliance with” to “As part of these”, and reorder the sentence.
• Remove the words “to any Wikimedia projects”
• Add the word “financial” to describe compensation.

The first two changes aim to improve clarity. The last change (the addition of the word “financial” to describe compensation) narrows what this would apply to, which we think will reduce confusion about the definition of compensation. (People had asked, for example, if this applied to things like students receiving a grade in class, or first-time editors receiving a free lunch during an editathon, neither of which we originally intended to be included.)

FAQ on disclosure of paid contributions

Why is this disclosure provision necessary?

Contributing to the Wikimedia Projects to serve the interests of a paying client while concealing the paid affiliation has led to situations that the Wikimedia community considers problematic. Many believe that users with a potential conflict of interest should engage in transparent collaboration, requiring honest disclosure of paid contributions. Making contributions to the Wikimedia projects without disclosing payment or employment may also lead to legal ramifications. Our Terms of Use already prohibit engaging in deceptive activities, including misrepresentation of affiliation, impersonation, and fraud. To ensure compliance with these obligations, this provision provides specific minimum disclosure requirements for paid contributions on the Wikimedia projects.

What is the “applicable law” for paid contributions on Wikipedia? Are undisclosed paid contributions potentially illegal?

Depending on the circumstances, undisclosed paid editing could subject you, your business or your clients to legal liability. Specific laws could apply to you, your business, or your clients, such as unfair competition and simple fraud statutes. In addition to the requirements of the Terms of Use, you must comply with those laws in your disclosure and execution of paid contributions.

We cannot advise you about specific legal requirements, and you should employ your own lawyer if you have questions. That said, as general background, deceptive business practices, including concealment of a professional affiliation in specific cases, are prohibited in multiple jurisdictions. In the United States, for example, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has the nationwide authority to regulate unfair or deceptive acts or practices in commerce. As the FTC illustrated in the below example, those failing to disclose a regulated company’s affiliation online may be subject to liability:

An online message board designated for discussions of new music download technology is frequented by MP3 player enthusiasts. They exchange information about new products, utilities, and the functionality of numerous playback devices. Unbeknownst to the message board community, an employee of a leading playback device manufacturer has been posting messages on the discussion board promoting the manufacturer’s product. Knowledge of this poster’s employment likely would affect the weight or credibility of her endorsement. Therefore, the poster should clearly and conspicuously disclose her relationship to the manufacturer to members and readers of the message board.

The FTC’s guide Dot Com Disclosures specifies that “disclosures must be communicated effectively so that consumers are likely to notice and understand them in connection with the representations that the disclosures modify.” For state law implications, see, e.g., N.Y. Attorney General’s 2013 investigation regarding companies engaging in astroturfing.

Laws applicable outside the US may also prohibit non-disclosure of paid contributions. The EU Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (and the corresponding national versions) ban the practice of “[u]sing editorial content in the media to promote a product where a trader has paid for the promotion without making that clear in the content or by images or sounds clearly identifiable by the consumer” and “[f]alsely claiming or creating the impression that the trader is not acting for purposes relating to his trade, business, craft or profession, or falsely representing oneself as a consumer.” National legislation of EU member states may further restrict undisclosed paid contributions, such as through local competition laws, and, for similar reasons, local national courts may find violations in failing to disclose one’s affiliation on Wikipedia in the proper way. Indeed, government authorities may require disclosures of paid editing that are impossible to execute on Wikipedia — such as disclosures by businesses in the article itself to ensure notice to the reader; in such cases, paid editing is not allowed on the Wikimedia sites.

Are there other possible negative effects of paid contributions?

There is an extreme likelihood that contributions which are paid for, but intentionally not disclosed as such, do not serve the public interest in a fair and beneficial manner. When considering the value of the contribution of content to the public on balance with the value of dissemination of the content, there is at least an implied conflict of interest that the balance will tend to serve the more private interests of the paid contributor. If it is accepted that this is the case more often than not, it is hard to imagine the expected outcome as a net positive for Wikipedia.

As repeated real life examples illustrate, undisclosed paid editing can have the unintended effect of causing negative public relations issues for companies, clients, and individuals. The press follows such stories closely. Failing to include a disclosure with a paid contribution may lead to a loss of trust with the broader public as well as the Wikimedia community. To maintain goodwill and to avoid misunderstandings, transparency and friendly cooperation is the best policy for those being compensated for Wikimedia contributions.

To avoid embarrassment, be sure to follow local policies regarding paid contributions, such as Wikipedia:Conflict of interest for the English Wikipedia.

How will community enforcement of these obligations work with existing rules about privacy and behavior?

Like the rules around sockpuppeting and sockpuppet investigations, this disclosure requirement is intended to work with existing policies and practices, so that there is a fair balance between identifying paid contributions and protecting good-faith editors. These policies include the cross-project value of civility, which is a pillar of Wikipedia; relevant project policies, like ENWP:OUTING or ESWP:ACOSO; and the Terms of Use, which prohibit stalking and abuse. (In cases of more extreme behaviors, local law may also apply.)

This requirement, like others, should be applied constructively to enable collaboration and improve our projects. Users who violate them should first be warned and informed about these rules, and then only blocked if necessary. In other words: assume good faith and don’t bite the newcomers.

If an editor wishes to avoid the disclosure requirement of this amendment, they should abstain from receiving compensation for their edits.

How will this provision affect teachers, professors, and employees of galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (“GLAM”)?

The intent of these requirements is not to discourage teachers, professors, or those working at galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (“GLAM”) institutions from making contributions in good faith. Disclosure is only required when contributors are compensated by their employer or client specifically for edits and uploads to a Wikimedia project. For example, if a professor at University X is paid directly by University X to write about that university on Wikipedia, the professor needs to disclose that the contribution is compensated. There is a direct quid pro quo exchange: money for edits. If that professor is simply paid a salary for teaching and conducting research, and is only encouraged by her university to contribute to projects about topics of general interest without more specific instruction, that professor does not need to disclose her affiliation with the university.

The same is true with GLAM employees. Disclosure is only necessary where compensation has been promised or received in exchange for a particular contribution. A museum employee who is contributing to projects about topics of his general interest without more specific instruction from the museum need not disclose his affiliation with the museum. At the same time, when required, a simple disclosure that one is a paid Wikipedian in Residence with a particular museum, for example, would be sufficient disclosure for purposes of the proposed amendment.

What do you mean by “compensation”?

As used in this provision, “compensation” means an exchange of money, goods, or services.

What does the phrase “employer, client, and affiliation” mean?

This means the person or organization that is paying you compensation — money, goods, or services — with respect to any contribution to a Wikimedia project. This could be a business, a charity, an educational institution, a government department or another individual, for example. The disclosure requirement is simple, and requires you to provide this information in one of the three ways described above. If you are editing an article on Wikipedia on behalf of your employer, for example, you must disclose your employer’s details. If you have been hired by a public relations firm to edit Wikipedia, you must disclose both the firm and the firm’s client. If you are a compensated Wikimedian in residence, for example, you must note the details of the GLAM organisation that is paying you.

Are paid editing disclosures required only when editing Wikipedia articles?

No, you must disclose your employment, client, and affiliation when making any type of paid contribution to any Wikimedia project. This includes edits on talk pages and edits on projects other than Wikipedia. That said, a simple disclosure on your user page satisfies this minimum requirement.

Does this provision mean that paid contributions are always allowed as long as I make the disclosure?

No, the disclosures mandated by the Terms of Use reflect a minimum requirement that helps each Wikimedia project to enforce its own policies and guidelines as appropriate. Users must also comply with these additional policies and guidelines as well as any applicable laws. For example, English Wikipedia’s policy on neutral point of view requires that editing be done fairly, proportionally and (as far as possible) without bias; these requirements must be followed even if the contributor discloses making paid edits.

Does this mean that Wikimedia projects must change their policies?

No, unless their policies are inconsistent with these minimum requirements. Wikimedia projects are free to change their policies to reference this requirement or require stricter requirements for paid contributions. We encourage users to be respectful of user privacy and not harass others, even in cases of suspected paid contributions. For example, under the English Wikipedia policy on harassment, users must not publicly share personal information about other users.

How should I disclose paid contributions in my user page?

You may explain that you work for a particular client or employer on your user page. If you work for company Acme, and, as part of your job responsibilities, you edit Wikipedia articles about company Acme, you satisfy the minimum requirement of the Terms of Use if you simply say that you edit on behalf of company Acme on your user page. You however need to follow community or Foundation policies, in addition to applicable law.

How should I disclose paid contributions in my edit summary?

You may represent your employer, affiliation, and client in the edit summary box before you “save” your edit or contribution. For example, before saving your edits to a Wikipedia article about your client, Jordan Smith, you may write this note in the edit summary box: “Jordan Smith has hired me to update their Wikipedia article” or “I work for Jordan Smith.”

How should I disclose paid contributions on a talk page?

You may represent your employer, affiliation, and client in the relevant talk page either before, or immediately after, you “save” your edit or contribution.

Do I have to disclose the details of the compensation I am receiving?

You do not have to disclose the amount or type of compensation you are receiving for editing; the minimum required is that you disclose your employer, client, and affiliation.

Does the Wikimedia Foundation encourage or accept paid advocacy editing?

WMF feels that paid advocacy editing is a significant problem that threatens the trust of Wikimedia’s readers, as our Executive Director said in her statement on paid advocacy editing. This proposal does not change that position.

However, it is hard to solve the problem of paid advocacy editing without accidentally discouraging good-faith editors, like the various GLAM (gallery, library, archive, and museum) projects. Because of this difficulty, this amendment takes a simple approach: requiring straightforward disclosure of information. This does not mean that paid-advocacy editing is acceptable! Instead, we think that the best way to attack the complex problem while still encouraging new good faith contributions is to combine this pro-transparency requirement with per-project policies that use this new information to make nuanced, difficult case-by-case judgments. We hope that this will lead to the best outcome by combining each Wikimedian’s ability to handle nuance and complexity with the resources of the Foundation (when that is absolutely necessary).

Also the proposed amendment makes clear that “community and Foundation policies, such as those addressing conflicts of interest, may further limit paid contributions or require more detailed disclosure.” This provision gives the community discretion to further limit paid editing, including paid advocacy editing, according to the needs of the specific project. That is, the proposed amendment is a minimal requirement, but the community may impose greater restrictions or bans.

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