Neŭtrala vidpunkto
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Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikibooks, Wikiquote, and Wikinews – but not Wikimedia Commons, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, Wikispecies, the many "backstage" projects, including Meta – have a strict neutral point of view (NPOV) policy. This policy states that their missions are best served not by advancing or detracting from particular points of view on any given subject, but by trying to present a fair, neutral description of the facts – including that various interpretations and points of view exist. (There are limits to which points of view are worth mentioning, which can itself be an area of conflict.) This policy exists on all languages of projects that have adopted it, but the details of the policy vary significantly between projects and between different languages in those projects.
Skribante en NPOV stilo postulas rekonante ke eĉ larĝe subtenis aŭ vaste respektataj vidpunktoj ne estas nepre ĉiuj-ampleksanta.
While NPOV is an ultimate goal in writing an article, it is difficult to achieve immediately as a single writer. It is thus sometimes regarded as an iterative process (as is wiki writing in general), by which opposing viewpoints compromise on language and presentation to produce a neutral description acceptable to all, according to consensus decision-making.
NPOV would not be possible without two features of MediaWiki: editors discuss; but only one page exists under a title. In other words, «(i) individuals interact directly to share information and convince each other, and (ii) they edit a common medium to establish their own opinions».
This might be viewed as an adversarial system, but hopefully a polite one. Editors are expected to approximate NPOV to the best of their ability and to welcome improvements that have been brought by others in good faith; a failure of the system can lead to an edit war, in which two or more parties dig in and refuse to compromise, instead reverting each other's changes outright.
The original formulation of NPOV
A general-purpose encyclopedia is a collection of synthesized knowledge presented from a neutral point of view. To whatever extent possible, encyclopedic writing should avoid taking any particular stance other than the stance of the neutral point of view.
A neutral point of view attempts to present ideas and facts in such a fashion that both supporters and opponents can agree. Of course, 100% agreement is rarely possible; there are ideologues in the world who will not concede to any presentation other than a forceful statement of their own point of view. We can only seek a type of writing that is agreeable to essentially rational people who may differ on particular points.
Kelkaj ekzemploj povas helpi stiri hejmo ĉi punkto:
1. An enciklopedia artikolo ne devas disputi ke korporacio estas krimulo, eĉ se la aŭtoro kredas ĝin esti tiel. Ĝi devus anstataŭe prezentas la fakton, ke iuj homoj kredas tion, kaj kion liaj kialoj estas; kaj tiam ĝi devus ankaŭ prezenti kion la alia flanko diras.
2. An enciklopedio artikolo devus ne disputi ke laissez-faire kapitalismo estas la plej bona socia sistemo. Ĝi devus anstataŭe prezentas la argumentojn de la advokatoj de tiu vidpunkto, kaj la argumentoj de la homoj kiuj malkonsentas kun tiu vidpunkto.
Eble la plej facila maniero por fari vian skribo pli enciclopédico estas skribi pri kion homoj kredas , anstataŭ kio estas tiom . Se ĉi sxajnas al vi iel subjectivist aŭ kolektivismaj aŭ imperiismaj, tiam demandu min pri tio, ĉar mi kredas ke vi estas nur konfuzita. Kion homoj kredas estas demando de objektiva fakto, kaj ni povas prezenti kiu tute facile de la neŭtrala vidpunkto.
— Jimbo Wales, Vikipedio fondinto, [1]
Vidu ankaŭ
- Can history be truly NPOV?
- en:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view, the English Wikipedia's definition of NPOV
- n:Wikinews:Neutral point of view, the English Wikinews definition of NPOV
- voy:Wikivoyage:Be fair, the Wikivoyage "be fair" is not quite the same as "be neutral"
- MeatBall:NeutralPointOfView
- Balkan NPOV page
- Megalomaniacal point of view
- Neutral point of view on Wikiquote
Notes
- ↑ Modeling Social Dynamics in a Collaborative Environment (2014). The opposite system is ViewPoint, where each revision (i.e. opinion) is given the same visibility and an unlimited number of versions of a page co-exist.